DUGi

Rizobacteris promotors del creixement vegetal : mecanismes d’interacció planta-bacteri i aplicacions

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Rhizobacteria, in particular PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria), are a group of bacteria that promote plant growth by colonizing their roots. They establish different types of symbioses with plants that include bacterial genera such as Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Azotobacter. They have a wide range of applications in different fields such as agriculture, forestry, horticulture and gardening. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the mechanisms by which these interactions occur and what are the functions and benefits of the symbiosis between rhizobacteria and plants. It has been determined which agricultural crops benefit most from this union and the importance of using PGPR as biofertilizers. It has been observed that, depending on whether the symbiosis is rhizospheric, endophytic or associative, the colonization is superficial in the roots or the internal tissues of the plants are invaded. Thanks to these interactions where nitrogen is fixed, phosphate is solubilized and where siderophores and phytohormones are produced, there is an increase in the absorption of nutrients, resistance to pathogens, resistance to environmental stress, organic matter soil content and a more diverse soil microbiota. PGPR need soils that are well drained and have a high amount of organic matter. The crops where these bacteria are most effective are wheat, corn or rice, fruit, vegetables and ornamental plants. The use of PGPR as biofertilizers can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers being an ecological alternative due to the increase in agricultural demand in recent decades. Not only do they promote stronger and more resilient growth, but this can lead to more sustainable and productive agriculture, reducing the environmental impact. Given all these benefits that PGPR can provide in different fields, it is necessary to continue researching these microorganisms to maximize their benefits not only for the promotion of their growth but for the improvement of sustainability and agricultural production and the reduction of pollution for significant improvement of the environment

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