DUGi

valuació ecotoxicològica de polímers i pintures antiincrustants d’aplicació en vaixells

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In this study, leachates from polymers and anti-fouling paints for marine use are examined for their ecotoxicological potential on different microorganisms. The research was done inside of the Nautilus project, in which different institutions work for researching and developing new biobased and biodegradable antifouling paints. The microorganisms used are Aliivibrio fischeri, a bioluminescent bacterium; Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a diatom alga; Brachionus plicatilis, a rotifer also used in ecological and environmental studies; and Artemia franciscana, known as brine shrimp, which serves as a model in toxicity assays. The samples consist of two polymers, one acrylic and the other biobased. Additionally, the other four samples examined are antifouling paints: two formulations containing both biocides and acrylic polymers, and the last two not having biocides, with one using the acrylic polymer and the other having the biobased one. The leachates were made in artificial seawater (ASW) using a laboratory rotary shaker and extracted at various time intervals: 0 hours (immediately after preparation), 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days after being prepared. For the obtention of the material, organisms and procedures we used the following kits: for Aliivibrio fischeri WATERTOXSTD (ISO11348-3), Phaeodactylum tricornutum ALGALTOXKIT M (ISO10253), Brachionus plicatilis ROTOXKIT M (ASTM E1440-91) and for Artemia franciscana ARTOXKIT M (ASTM E1440-91). The results present diverse biological responses measured as percentages. These are inhibition of bioluminescence in Aliivibrio fischeri, the growth rate of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the survival rates for Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia franciscana. The results obtained show that the polymers are not toxic. The most toxic samples across all the species are the antifouling paints that have incorporated biocides. This toxicity is mainly related to the biocides and the heavy metals such as Cu, Zn and Fe. The non-biocide containing paints also show toxicity but in lower levels. The biobased antifouling paint without biocide is more toxic than the non-biocide acrylic paint because being more biodegradable makes the toxic elements more bioavailable

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