DUGi

Les tècniques de reproducció assistida en l’actualita t: de la FIV a l’AOA

http://dugi.udg.edu/item/http:@@@@hdl.handle.net@@10256@@26331

Infertility is a clinical disorder that affects roughly fifteen percent of couples in Spain. The causes of the infertility can have different origins. Thirty percent of the causes come from a female factor, another 30% are due to male factors, 25% of the time it is because of a mixture of factor involving males and females, and the remaining 15% are from unknown sources. Assisted reproduction techniques have been developed to solve infertility. This study has the aim to systematically review the different techniques used, starting with the conventional in vitro fertilization, followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and ending with the artificial oocyte activation. These three techniques have the common feature that are in vitro therapies. In other words, the procedures of the techniques are conducted outside the organism and are performed in a laboratory, where the technique is, in most of the cases, carried out with the oocyte and sperm from patients. The resulting embryo will then be transferred into the patients uterus for subsequent implantation. Conventional in vitro fertilization is one of the primary techniques. It involves fertilizing a mature oocyte with a sperm sample from a patient or donor, and it is mainly used to deal with infertility caused by a female factor or unknown origins. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, which is based on the injection of a single sperm into the oocyte with of a microneedle’s help, is the most commonly used technique in Spain. When these techniques fail to succeed repeatedly, artificial oocyte activation can be used. With this technique a chemical stimuli is used to trigger oocyte activation and embryo formation. When performing any of the existing assisted reproduction techniques, there is a series of factors that need to be considered including sperm DNA fragmentation, the age of the patients being treated and various psychological aspects. In conclusion, when performing ART, each case must be examined in order to find the suitable method, which should not carried out without case-base study

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