DUGi

Efectes de la gestió del sòl agrícola en la comunitat microbiana edàfica : relació amb els balanços dels gasos d’efecte hivernacle a l’atmosfera i possibilitats biotecnològiques de millora

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Soil microorganisms are crucial in terrestrial biogeochemical cycles, as they perform processes unique to these cycles. Their activity plays a key role in the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHG) between the lithosphere and the atmosphere. Anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural intensification, have disrupted the natural functioning of terrestrial ecosystems by impacting the habitat of the Soil Microbial Community (SMC) and altering its biodiversity and activity. This study presents evidence showing that conventional practices in intensive agricultural systems, such as tillage, fertilization, and pesticide use, adversely affect the soil ecosystem, notably by reducing biodiversity. Consequently, these practices can lead to various environmental problems, such as increased GHG emissions, decreased soil fertility, and reduced crop yields. The biodiversity and ecological functionality of the Soil Microbial Community (SMC) are essential for maintaining a beneficial environment. Therefore, it is imperative to understand their role to develop soil management techniques that minimize environmental impact. Strategies such as reduced tillage, the use of cover crops, biofertilizers and organic fertilizers like biochar have been identified as effective solutions. Consequently, agricultural biotechnology has emerged as a vital tool for advancing improvement techniques in this field. This study offers an updated perspective on the role of biodiversity and the activity of the Soil Microbial Community (SMC), evaluating the impact of conventional agricultural practices on this community and their potential to exacerbate microbial processes with adverse environmental consequences, thereby contributing to climate change. Despite numerous areas in this emerging field remaining unexplored, the shift toward agricultural practices that preserve essential ecosystem services is critical for enhancing soil quality and mitigating the effects of climate change

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