DUGi

Alternatives microbianes a l’ús de pesticides

http://dugi.udg.edu/item/http:@@@@hdl.handle.net@@10256@@28543

This final degree project explores microbial alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides used in agriculture. The main objective is to evaluate the real viability of biopesticides as a substitute for synthetic pesticides, considering their effectiveness, safety, mechanisms of action, and environmental impact. Three main groups of microbial agents are analyzed: baculoviruses, entomopathogenic fungi, and bacteria, mainly Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Baculoviruses are presented as highly specific entomopathogens, safe for human and environmental health, though they have disadvantages such as high production costs and slow action time. Fungi, especially Beauveria and Metarhizium, stand out for their ability to act both by contact and endophytically, promoting plant growth and enhancing systemic defense. Finally, Bt is the most widely used biopesticide globally due to its fast action and potential use in transgenic crops. Compared to conventional pesticides, the environmental advantages of biopesticides are highlighted: they are biodegradable, specific, and non-polluting. However, they present limitations such as sensitivity to adverse environmental conditions, short persistence, and strict regulations for commercialization. In conclusion, the project emphasizes that biopesticides are a promising and safe alternative, especially when integrated into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. For widespread development, continued advancement in production, formulation, and regulatory techniques is necessary, as well as promoting research and institutional support to foster a more sustainable and ethically responsible agriculture

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