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Effects of low arsenic concentration exposure on freshwater fish in the presence of fluvial biofilms

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic element and its carcinogenic effect on living organisms is well known. However, predicting real effects in the environment requires an ecological approach since toxicity is influenced by many environmental and biological factors. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate if environmentally-realistic arsenic exposure causes toxicity to fish. An experiment with four different treatments (control (C), biofilm (B), arsenic (+ As) and biofilm with arsenic (B + As)) was conducted and each one included sediment to enhance environmental realism, allowing the testing of the interactive effects of biofilm and arsenic on the toxicity to fish. Average arsenic exposure to Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) was 40.5. ±. 7.5 μg/L for + As treatment and 34.4. ±. 1.4. μg/L for B + As treatment for 56 days. Fish were affected directly and indirectly by this low arsenic concentration since exposure did not only affect fish but also the function of periphytic biofilms. Arsenic effects on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the liver of mosquitofish were ameliorated in the presence of biofilms at the beginning of exposure (day 9). Moreover, fish weight gaining was only affected in the treatment without biofilm. After longer exposure (56 days), effects of exposure were clearly seen. Fish showed a marked increase in the catalase (CAT) activity in the liver but the interactive influence of biofilms was not further observed since the arsenic-affected biofilm had lost its role in water purification. Our results highlight the interest and application of incorporating some of the complexity of natural systems in ecotoxicology and support the use of criterion continuous concentration (CCC) for arsenic lower than 150. μg/L and closer to the water quality criteria to protect aquatic life recommended by the Canadian government which is 5. μg As/L

Financial support was provided by the Spanish Science and Education Ministry (Project CTM2009-14111-CO2-01) and the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry (Project CGL2013-43822-R). Baigal- Amar Tuulaikhuu benefited froma doctoral fellowship fromthe Techno 2 Program of the European Union ErasmusMundus partnership

Elsevier

Manager: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Espanya)
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Espanya)
Author: Tuulaikhuu, Baigal-Amar
Bonet Sánchez, Berta
Guasch i Padró, Helena
Date: 2016 February 15
Abstract: Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic element and its carcinogenic effect on living organisms is well known. However, predicting real effects in the environment requires an ecological approach since toxicity is influenced by many environmental and biological factors. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate if environmentally-realistic arsenic exposure causes toxicity to fish. An experiment with four different treatments (control (C), biofilm (B), arsenic (+ As) and biofilm with arsenic (B + As)) was conducted and each one included sediment to enhance environmental realism, allowing the testing of the interactive effects of biofilm and arsenic on the toxicity to fish. Average arsenic exposure to Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) was 40.5. ±. 7.5 μg/L for + As treatment and 34.4. ±. 1.4. μg/L for B + As treatment for 56 days. Fish were affected directly and indirectly by this low arsenic concentration since exposure did not only affect fish but also the function of periphytic biofilms. Arsenic effects on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the liver of mosquitofish were ameliorated in the presence of biofilms at the beginning of exposure (day 9). Moreover, fish weight gaining was only affected in the treatment without biofilm. After longer exposure (56 days), effects of exposure were clearly seen. Fish showed a marked increase in the catalase (CAT) activity in the liver but the interactive influence of biofilms was not further observed since the arsenic-affected biofilm had lost its role in water purification. Our results highlight the interest and application of incorporating some of the complexity of natural systems in ecotoxicology and support the use of criterion continuous concentration (CCC) for arsenic lower than 150. μg/L and closer to the water quality criteria to protect aquatic life recommended by the Canadian government which is 5. μg As/L
Financial support was provided by the Spanish Science and Education Ministry (Project CTM2009-14111-CO2-01) and the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry (Project CGL2013-43822-R). Baigal- Amar Tuulaikhuu benefited froma doctoral fellowship fromthe Techno 2 Program of the European Union ErasmusMundus partnership
Format: application/pdf
Document access: http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12670
Language: eng
Publisher: Elsevier
Collection: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.126
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0048-9697
MICINN/PN 2010-2012/CTM2009-14111-C02-01
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//CGL2013-43822-R/ES/HACIA UN USO SOSTENIBLE DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS FLUVIALES MEDITERRANEOS: EFECTOS DIRECTOS E INDIRECTOS DE LA ALTERACION HIDROLOGICA EN PECES/
Rights: Tots els drets reservats
Subject: Gambusia holbrooki
Eastern mosquitofish
Arsènic -- Toxicologia
Arsenic -- Toxicology
Arsènic -- Aspectes ambientals
Arsenic -- Environmental aspects
Toxicologia ambiental
Environmental toxicology
Biofilms
Peixos -- Efecte dels productes químics
Fishes -- Effect of chemicals on
Title: Effects of low arsenic concentration exposure on freshwater fish in the presence of fluvial biofilms
Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Repository: DUGiDocs

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